Italians delivered a stunning blow to traditional parties on Monday when they elected protest candidates to govern several key cities, signalling a major shift in the political landscape ahead of a general election next year.
In the most sensational result in two rounds of local polls, comedian Beppe Grillo's Five-Star Movement consolidated its meteoric rise from fringe group to national contender by winning the mayor's office in Parma, a city of 190,000 people.
Grillo's 39-year-old candidate Federico Pizzarotti, a political newcomer, defeated Vincenzo Bernazzoli, a seasoned politician supported by a coalition of centre-left parties.
The two main parties in the right-left coalition that supports Prime Minister Mario Monti – architect of Italy's tough austerity programme – did not fare well in the local elections on Sunday and Monday.
By putting the parties that support the technocrat prime minister in parliament on the defensive, they could make it more difficult for Monti to push through highly unpopular measures aimed at avoiding a Greek-style debt crisis.
Former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's People of Liberty (PDL) party took a walloping in the first round two weeks ago, and lost to the centre left in Piacenza on Monday.
The left-wing Democratic Party (PD) was part of a coalition that won in the port city of Genoa, but was defeated in Palermo as well as Parma.
ANTI-PARTY VOTE
Grillo's movement did especially well in the north, also scoring wins in the small towns of Mira and Comacchio, and taking advantage of a corruption scandal that has badly hurt Berlusconi's former ally, the Northern League.
That party lost all seven races it contested on Monday.
The shaggy-haired comic's rise became apparent two weeks ago during the first round of voting, based on his vitriolic criticism of the parties, Monti's austerity measures, the euro, banks and the debt markets, targets of popular anger also in recent Greek and French national votes.
While a litmus test of Italy's national mood, Monday's vote in nearly 120 towns was largely overshadowed by two tragic events over the weekend.
On Sunday, a strong earthquake struck a large area of northern Italy, killing at least seven people, while a Saturday bombing in front of a school in southern Italy killed a teenage girl and ignited fears of a return to the political violence of the 1970s-80s.
In the first round of the local polls, tax hikes, rising unemployment and a series of corruption scandals contributed to driving voters away from Berlusconi and his centre-left rivals towards Grillo.
Italy's economy slid further into recession in the first three months of this year, the third consecutive quarterly decline and the steepest economic contraction for three years, data published on Tuesday showed.
With Monti's approval rating dropping to 38%, according to pollster SWG, down from 71% shortly after he took over from the scandal-plagued Berlusconi in November, the premier is trying to shift focus to growth from austerity.
In a sign of mounting voter disillusion, turnout was sharply down, declining 14 percentage points from the first round to 51%.
Turnout was less than 40% in Palermo, where veteran mayor Leoluca Orlando, who stood for the opposition Italian Values party, was headed toward a landslide victory over a centre-left candidate. It will be Orlando's fourth term as mayor of Sicily's biggest city.
More than 900 cities voted on May 6-7, and Monday's voting took place in cities where no candidate won more than 50% in the first ballot.
