Escalating violence and widespread insecurity, combined with a worsening shortage of health workers, is putting severe pressure on the health of the Iraqi population. This pressure increases as people move within the country and into neighbouring countries in search of safer places to live.
Every day in 2006, an average of 100 people were killed and many more were seriously injured by gunshots, shrapnel wounds and burns. As the violence continues, these emergency needs are increasing the load on a public health system that is already stretched thin, and people are dying as a result. The government estimates that almost 70 per cent of critically injured patients with violence-related wounds die while in the Emergency and Intensive Care Units due to a shortage of competent staff and a lack of drugs and equipment.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is concerned that health services within and outside Iraq will not be able to cope with the influx of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees, as people continue to leave their homes and move within and out of the country.
 According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), nearly 2 million Iraqis are internally displaced people (IDPs) and as many as 2 million more have already left the country for neighbouring States, in particular
WHO will highlight these concerns at the UNHCR International Conference: Addressing the Humanitarian Needs of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons Inside Iraq and Neighbouring Countries, which is being held from 17 to 18 April 2007 in
The health situation for the general population is poor, with a shortage of basic services: 80 per cent of people lack effective sanitation, 70 per cent lack access to regular clean water, and only 60 per cent have access to the public food distribution system. Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections, worsened by increased levels of malnutrition, account for about two-thirds of deaths among children under five. The chronic child malnutrition rate is estimated at 21 per cent according to the findings of the 2006 UNICEF Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS3).
In addition, public health gains during the last few years could be lost if the current situation is not urgently addressed. Currently,
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